Bigfoot
Bigfoot
- Details
Eerie screams and a close encounter with a huge, hairy creature
The couple found a flat on top of a garage on a nice quiet road. The main house was empty as the owners were from overseas and only used it in December for holidays. “From the beginning,” Kris says, “whenever we were outside we always had a feeling like we were being watched. We also had two cats that behaved very nervously all the time we stayed there.”
One evening, Kris was at home alone waiting for her boyfriend to get back from surfing when she heard a strange, high-pitched screaming sound from the valley right next to her house. “Let me explain the set up of our street quickly,” says Kris. “It had houses only on the one side, and on the other was a forest valley. So I heard the screaming coming from the forest.”
Thinking the screaming might be coming from a hurt animal, Kris took a flashlight and found a makeshift path into the bushes. She got halfway down the slope when she was overcome with a very eerie feeling. Too scared to go on, she turned back. Within a few minutes, the screaming stopped.
The growling
After the couple was in the apartment for six months, Kris’s boyfriend had to go away to work on his degree, leaving Kris alone in the flat for four nights of the week. She took a waitressing job at a restaurant down the street as she could walk there in a few minutes. “Wilderness is safe to walk around at night,” she says, “even if you are a girl. My dad, however, made me phone him when I was walking home, just so he knew I got there safely every night.”
One night Kris was talking to him and was almost at the steps that led up to her flat when she heard a deep growling from the bush next to her. Terrified, she ran up the stairs and into the house, locking the door behind her.
Kris began to notice that every night her cats would just sit and stare at the front door. “Our flat was all open plan, one big room, with only the bathroom being separate,” Kris explains. “Our bed was situated behind the bathroom wall, so the front door was not visible from there, but the cats would sit in the middle of the room a few meters from the bed and just stare at the door, with all their fur standing up for hours on end.”
Kris’s boyfriend came home for his two week holiday. One evening when she was alone, waiting for him to return from surfing, she heard a knocking on the floor of the flat, which was the ceiling of the garage. “I went to the window, which overlooked the forest, and I could see the garage clearly from there, too,” Kris says. “I called down, hoping the person would come out of the garage and tell me what they were doing. I got no answer, but the knocking went on for a few more seconds. I closed the curtain and looked out through a small gap in them for about ten minutes, but no one exited the garage.”
By the time her boyfriend got home, Kris was a nervous wreck.
More screams
Shortly thereafter, a woman from up the road moved into the main house while she waited for her new home out of town to be built.
She had two dogs, and from the first night, she told Kris, the dogs were very restless there. About a week later, Kris woke up one night to the same horrible screaming as before. Her cats were both on the bed with her but sitting up, listening with all their fur raised. She eventually fell back asleep after about an hour of the screaming.
The next morning, the woman from the house asked Kris if I had heard the eerie screaming. Kris confirmed that she had. The woman then said her dogs had both been very frightened by it, which was unusual because they were normally quite gutsy. The women heard the screaming every night for about a week.
A week or two later, the woman moved out and Kris was on her own again. Nothing unusual happened, aside from the cat continuing to stare at the door at night.
Something huge
By this time, Kris had bought a car and no longer had to walk home from work. Her boyfriend had another two weeks holiday, and one day while Kris was at work he went down the path into the forest. When she got home at about 4 p.m. that day, he took her down the path.
“As we got to the bottom of the slope, something huge ran past us into the bush,” Kris vividly recalls. “My boyfriend is six-foot-four and this thing was taller than he. We glimpsed its silhouette as it crashed through the bush. It was definitely furry. We proceeded into the bush, not being too afraid as it was still light. We went further and found there to be a stream running through the valley. Right near the stream we found and oddly shaped root formation. It was shaped like an igloo, but hollow inside and big enough for two people to sleep in easily. It had leaves all over the bottom, as if it were a nest.”
After this discovery, Kris and her boyfriend left very quickly.
Two days later, her boyfriend's brother came to visit. He parked his car in the garage, which was left open all day so they could get their cars in and out freely. “As he got out the car, he heard growling,” Kris says. “He promptly got back in the car and phoned my boyfriend from his cell phone asking him to come down and meet him. He told my boyfriend what happened, and my boyfriend told him the same thing had happened to me.”
A month later, the house was sold and Kris and her boyfriend had to move out. “Since we moved, we have not once had the creepy feeling of being watched while outside or anything,” she says, “though driving back up our old road we both get goose bumps. And our cats stopped behaving so nervously, too.”
What was it the terrified the couple with its tortured screams? Kris says, “We like to say it was a Bigfoot.”
http://paranormal.about.com/od/bigfootsasquatch/a/aa082806.htm
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Cookson County:
SEE MONSTER?
04 September 2006
IT'S a thought to keep you awake at night that we live on the edge of what's been described as one of Earth's last unexplored frontiers.
What's actually down there in the sea? What comes up and has a look around when we're all in our beds?
You might wonder after some lines I've had from a reader. He prefers to remain modest, as when you put old seafarers together with tales of sea monsters it's usually with a nod and a wink.
But don't be hasty: he wasn't the only witness to the strange creature that he spotted in the waters off the east coast more than 50 years ago.
At the time he was sailing in France, Fenwick's Sherwood. It was in about November and he and the mate had just gone on watch at 4pm.
Murky
The ship was off Tees Bay, heading south after loading at the west staiths at Blyth.
Our reader remembers: "It was a murky afternoon. The mate was scanning the horizon with the glasses when he did a double-take.
"He called me over from the wheel and said 'have a look and tell me what you think of that'.
"I said 'that's the nearest thing to a sea monster I've ever seen'."
Our correspondent enclosed a rough drawing of a creature with three humps and a long neck.
"I can't remember if it had a tail," he says. "It was moving into Tees Bay. We didn't mention it to anyone else for obvious reasons: nobody would have believed us and we would never have lived it down.
"We tried to equate it to a small boat, a trick of the light, the sea, shadows etc. But no, we were convinced that we had seen some sort of marine beastie – and I'm still convinced.
"I wonder if anyone has seen anything like it before?"
Well, have you?
http://www.southtynesidetoday.co..uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=4902&ArticleID=1741805
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Creature seen standing in creek
Date: spring march 20 2005
lasalle parish county, LA
Nearest town: jena
Nearest road: hwy 84
Conditions: mild
Time: evening 5;45 pm
Location: beside trout creek off of hwy 84 at little river,
Description of event: walking down creek bank in late evening and saw standing down creek a large brownish black what i thought was a bear, i watched it for a few minutes it never saw me, i watched it walk off on two legs i relized it was not a bear, it was at least 7 or 8 feet, being a hunter, there aint no bear around here that big, and it had a strong smell to.
Source: oregonbigfoot.com
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Cryptomundo Exclusive Interview
Anyone doing research on the so-called Bigfoot in Malaysia will soon run across the name "Harold Stephens." Today Cryptomundo gets an exclusive first interview with the man who thirty-five years ago conducted the first modern expedition in search of Malaysia?s Orang Dalam. And he reveals intriguing new details of other discoveries.
Photo:
Close up of the track of the Orang Dalam on a Malaysian sandbar found during Harold Stephens? expedition. The track measured nineteen inches in length and was half as wide.
His findings are being revisited again, in light of all the news of the Malaysian "Bigfoot." I thought it might be a good time to have a chat with Mr. Stephens.
First some background about his 1970s? Bigfoot discovery.
Stephens first heard of stories of the jungle giants when on excursions into the Malaysian wilds late in the 1960s. He decided to go back with a focus on finding out more about these hairy large men. After mounting a small expedition that included some Westerners and two local Orang Asli, Bojung and Achin, who also served as guide-porters, they set out into the Malay jungle, up the Endau river.
Harold Stephens? August 1971 article in Argosy is almost legendary.
After reaching the 12th rapids, beyond the tributary of the Kimchin River, Stephens? party began exploring the riverbanks, looking for tracks; they came across many. As he writes about the experience in Argosy, in 1971:
The banks were now a maze of tracks: deer, pig, turtle, monitor lizard, elephant, tiger, leopard, rhino. Tiger tracks were the most frequent, some the size of a man?s hand.
But then, they happened across some that were entirely different.
There in front of us were footprints, human footprints, but not ordinary ones. They were enormous, 19 inches long and 10 inches wide. The creature that had made them had come down from the jungle and entered the water and here the tracks disappeared.
We called the others. They came half running and half swimming across the river. Bujong came running and stopped dead. He shook his head. "Orang Dalam," he said and returned to the boat. Both Bujong and Achin insisted that we camp on the opposite shore, on a much narrower section of beach, under the pretext that it was too hot on this side. We did, but not before Kurt [Rolfes, an ex-combat photographer from Vietnam] photographed the tracks.
Nothing like them had been found by a non-native before, and Stephens discoveries have been the source of much discussion and reference.
Harold Stephens lives in Bangkok today.
Discussing these early discoveries with me on February 11, 2006, Stephens talks very candidly about how he stumbled into this business:
Tunku (Prince) Bakar invited me on a fishing trip in the Malay jungles, and it was in a village on the Endau River I heard talk of a hairy jungle giant. I also heard about a prehistoric carving of an elephant on a mountain top. I mounted an expedition to look for the carving.
By accident we found footprints of a jungle giant. What was even more frightening, which I never told anyone, was when we awoke the next morning, all around our camp were footprints half the size of human prints.
A great deal of publicity came out of my discovery, in the local press and the cover story for Argosy Magazine, but then when I got to know the Chief Game Warden of Malaysia, and he invited me each year on major expeditions into the jungle (because I am a writer and could give him publicity) he asked me to lay off Bigfoot. It was bad publicity for the government.
Other things too he did not want me to publicize. In the jungle we came upon Negritoes living in the Stone Age. He didn?t even want me to take photos.
Harold Stephens did research in the libraries before his expedition, detailing sightings back three centuries in Malaysia. And he continued his study of the subject. He told me today:
I didn?t give up on Bigfoot though. I heard China was doing research, and traveled to China and interviewed some of their experts. Most interesting.
He has also written about what he found in China:
More than 300 sightings have been recorded there since the 1920s. A dozen scientific expeditions have searched for the wild man since 1976, mostly in the thickly forested Shen Nong Jia region of northwestern Hu Bei. In 1980, Meng Qing Bao, leader of one expedition, found more than 1000 footprints stretching for about one-and-a-half miles. The team made plaster casts of prints, some more than 20 inches long.
In Guandong, China, there is a permanent exhibition on display of the legendary ?Abominable Snowman.? The Yangcheng Evening News reported that Mr. Fang Zhong Shi, head of the China Wild Man Research Association, has a standing offer of a 10,000 yuan (about US$10,000) reward for anyone bringing in one of the wild creatures.
(If there?s any interest, Cryptomundo will continue with further details of the wide-ranging interview, concerning Stephens? hunt for the bones of the Peking Man and other adventures.)
- Details
By Craig Heinselman
44 Trailside Lane, Eastside Condo 17, Francestown, NH 03043 USA
An abridged version of the presentation and paper entitled Eastern Sasquatch Analysis: Potential Patterns or Dubious Data? Given at the 3rd Annual East Coast Bigfoot Researchers Meeting of September 22, 2001 in Delmont, Pennsylvania
Introduction:
Many theories exist as to what may represent the common term of Sasquatch or Bigfoot. Are they multiple species or sub-species? Do they differ in the eastern portion of the country from their western representatives? Such continual debates are often at the forefront of Hominology in North America. These
Debates, however intriguing, do not necessarily look at the raw data from a specific geographic area. This data is the core of this paper and corresponding talk.
In the western portion of North America a good deal of analysis has been performed on certain traits of reported Sasquatch. John Green has maintained an extensive database of national sightings from which he has offered rough statistics. George Gill in the late 1970's looked at selected cases for connections to ecological principles of Bergmann's Rule and Gloger's Rule. At the forefront is the contemporary work of Wolf H. Fahrenbach (see Appendix A).
In the eastern portion of North America little attention to data analysis has been demonstrated. Some isolated cases do exist, for example Don Keating and Paul Johnson have looked at height statures and sightings distributions of time. In general though, data analysis of eastern reports is rare.
Utilizing portions of all these various analyses, and related ones on mammalian species, it is the attempt then to see if a pattern does exist. And if so, what is that pattern per se.
Methodologies
654 total reports tying together one or more criteria are utilized in this study. The criteria evaluated are estimated height stature, estimated weight, coloration, foot length and foot width (assumed ball width when otherwise not noted by researchers). This data is taken from a variety of sources from around the country, from John Green's Sasquatch: The Apes Among Us, to John Bindernagel's North America's Great Ape: the Sasquatch, to self-published books and regional newsletters. The Internet is used sparingly, as reports are extremely easy to fabricate anonymously and have been done with this new tool of communication. Only sites tied to an established publication or from which contact information was obtainable for an interview is used.
These 654 reports are taken from 15 different states; Connecticut, Indiana, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia were selected. These states are selected as they form a rough cutout of the country that share similar environments and atmospheric conditions. Bordering Canadian provinces are not included as for the sake of the analysis state boundaries and geographic locations from the United States are evaluated.
The analysis herein does not deal with certain behavioral or physical characteristics of reported Sasquatch outside of the selected criteria. This has been done to limit the variables initially looked at, but in an extended evaluation these variables would be necessary to determine more zoological and ecological behaviors of reported Sasquatch. The presence of 3 and 4 toes tracks do appear in cases in the east. These cases are not omitted, but amount to 3.7% of the overall data. When a separate analysis is run omitting these reports, the data variations amount to less than 1% from what is presented here.
It should not be taken that these 654 are the sum total of all reports from these areas, as they are not. 10%-100% or more reports from each state are known, however they did not necessarily meet the criteria requirements. The omission of reports for any reason unless as stipulated above or known as complete fabrications or hoaxes, would lead to an evaluator bias.
Te exclusion of various states may be viewed as a bias. However, to include all the states would be an immense undertaking. It is therefore necessary to separate states by rough geographies, as was the case here. Extended surveys, into other geographic regions and atmospheric zones would be invaluable in further understanding distributions and traits of.
Usage of an extended spreadsheet custom made in MS Excel as well as Visual SPC and PQ Systems Statistical Software is used to analyze the data. Data is collected from the years 1838-2001, with 91.89% from the last 50 years.
State Breakdown
State | Total Sightings | % of Total (654) |
Connecticut | 7 | 1.07% |
Indiana | 25 | 3.82% |
Kentucky | 23 | 3.52% |
Maine | 15 | 2.29% |
Maryland | 65 | 9.94% |
Massachusetts | 12 | 1.83% |
Michigan | 11 | 1.68% |
New Hampshire | 11 | 1.68% |
New Jersey | 31 | 4.74% |
New York | 57 | 8.72% |
Ohio | 188 | 28.75% |
Pennsylvania | 144 | 22.02% |
Vermont | 20 | 3.06% |
Virginia | 27 | 4.13% |
West Virginia | 18 | 2.75% |
Total | 654 | 100.00% |
Criteria Breakdown
Criteria | Total Sightings | % of Total (654) |
| Height Stature | 433 | 66.21% |
| Weight | 58 | 8.87% |
| Coloration | 367 | 56.11% |
| Track Length* | 140 | 21.41% |
| Track Width * | 74 | 11.31% |
| Month of Year ** | 549 | 83.94% |
* Track Length and Width do not necessarily coincide with sighting report, may be stand alone case
** Not one of the main criteria, however used for other purposes in analysis
Analysis of Data: Western to Eastern
Wolf H. Fahrenbach, in his report Sasquatch Size, Scaling and Statistics, uses a wide range sampling data from Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. Additionally data from the Canadian Provinces of British Columbia and Alberta is used. The end result is 706 samples of foot length, 438 samples foot ball widths, 123 samples of foot heel widths and 89 samples of height stature and track length tied together. These far outreach the data from the east, but a comparison using the same methodology as Fahrenbach can be done to test for connection
Comparison Data Foot Length:
| Comparison Data Foot Width (Ball):
|
*Comparison Data Height vs. Foot Length:
|
|
*Where foot length and height both reported in same instances
A 5% maximum difference is present when the data is compared side by side. This uniformity allows for continual comparative analysis to Fahrenbach's work. A relationship between the foot's length and width can be done to show if a symmetry appears between the west and east reports. The width of the foot divided by the length of the foot yields an index of .46 for the mean foot from the west and .45 for the east, or a 2.2% difference. A foot-to-height multiplier can also be extracted using Fahrenbach's report. The end comparison is a 5.84 multiplier for the west and a 5.71 multiplier for the east (using the mean values, this also equals a 2.2% difference west to east). These values can then be tied into a formula for estimating the height of a Sasquatch from a track.
The formula as presented by Fahrenbach is:
H = 29.624 L.42054 wherein the H is the height of the individual in inches, L is the length of foot in inches and a coefficient established from a plotted regression line of the values.
Fahrenbach doesn't demonstrate the inverse; however an estimation of the track length left by a reported Sasquatch can also be approximated by the inverse of the above formula.
L = (H / 29.624)2.37778 wherein L is the length of foot in inches, H is the height of the individual in inches and an inverted coefficient is utilized.
Utilizing the formula a track 21" long would have a height estimation for the Sasquatch at 8.8', a 12" track, yields a Sasquatch 7' in height, and so forth. There is a point to be made here though, this is but an estimation of the height of a Sasquatch as the raw data itself may be skewed one way or the other. Additionally sexual dimorphism may have some influence in the matter. As the information is based off a larger group a comparable percentage of male and female would theoretically be presented. Therefore as a rough guide this formula presented by Fahrenbach functions well. Even allowing for a percentage of error, the affect on the end result is a matter of a few inches. Wherein witness's description of height have a range, (i.e "It was 6 to 6 ? feet tall" or "It was 7 to 8 feet tall") this caution is justifiable.
Statistically 99.73% (using +/- 3 standard deviations) of the foot length will be between 5.2" and 26.2" (21" range). From Fahrenbach's data the western samplings fell within 6.3" - 24.9" (18.6" range). Overall this amounts to an 11.43% difference in range, with the eastern reports having a 2.4" larger range distribution statistically. Using +/- 3-standard deviations, 99.73% of the samples for height fall between 3.06' and 11.76' in the eastern study states.
A note of caution must be entered here. Usage of height statures is a fallible area. This information is relied on based off of witness descriptions. As witnesses may under or over estimate height, the distributions are not necessarily accurate. By taking a wider sampling, as is done here, the variation in descriptions is minimized. The data and equation derivatives that tie into height estimation therefore are strictly reference points only and should not be taken as incontrovertible fact.
Fahrenbach continues in his analysis to look at the gait of reported Sasquatch as evidenced by track finds, caloric intake requirements as well as life and growth cycles. These values are equally derived from mathematical adaptations based on primate and human characteristics. However, a duplication of these results for the east is not done at present for a variety of reasons. Chief among them is that this report is a preliminary investigation, and intended strictly as a manner to look at certain selected characteristics and ideas that are testable, for the most part, from the data with little supposition.
The data is indicative of a similarity in physicality and trace evidence regardless of geographic variations between eastern and western states.
What remains to be looked at is variation between set geographic states. These state boundaries, recognized by humans only, act as generalized distribution areas. Due in part to some study states having a higher level of researcher activity (Ohio, Pennsylvania and Maryland for example) the tendency is for a skewed regional look and a less accuracy in the end distributions. These tendencies make for interesting conversation, but do not make for strong statistical or trend data. One can extrapolate data from it, the end test though is verifying the data for accuracy with an increase in raw data to better balance of the state report differences.
The State Breakdown:
To minimize bias derived from inequality in state reports an acceptance and rejection of data fro analysis is done. In sampling, especially in a manufacturing environment, there is always the chance of faulty samples being included. A common practice in many industries is a sampling plan, particularly an older military one called MIL-STD-105E.
This standard breaks down the particular number of samples required from a batch in order to determine acceptance. In many industries a 2.5 A.Q.L. (Acceptable Quality Level) is a general default, there is a 95% confidence in acceptability of a batch following this sampling plan when using that A.Q.L. Tighter limits, 1.5, 1.0, .65 increase the confidence level while maintaining the same sampling base and only changing the acceptance/rejection points. For example a batch has 2000 pieces; a sample of 125 would be taken. If 7 were defective the batch would still pass, however if 8 were defective the batch would fail.
Using this same technique a rough acceptance of state data can be done. For example, a state with 2-8 reports needs 2 samples to be evaluated, 9-15 reports equals 3 samples, 16-25 reports equals 5 samples, 26-50 reports equals 8 samples, 51-90 reports equals 13 samples, 91-150 reports equals 20 samples, 151-280 reports needs 32 samples, 281-500 samples needs 50, and 501-1200 reports needs 80 samples. Taken as a whole the 654 reports looked at thus far meet the sampling requirements, with the exception of weight. The weight hence omitted as it is an argumentative attribute. Certain characteristics of the individual states do not meet these sampling procedures, which demonstrates a limited sampling area and more study is necessary.
This will limit the data used in further analysis; those characteristics that are rejected due to insufficient samples are not necessarily defective. Rather, they do not represent a valid basis for study. Color has been maintained though as all states maintained a minimum sampling acceptance level.
The only acceptable criteria to compare overall are the estimated height stature of the Sasquatch. By comparing median to mean (average) height statures from all states there is a slightly higher mean value than median, amounting to a 1.07% - 5.75% variation. This slight variation suggests that a mixed distribution of sexes and/or sexes is present; if the data was within 1-2% variation of each other it could be tied directly to witness variations in estimation, but with the larger range and some tests the data demonstrates a sexual and/or age variation as well.
Weight values as estimated by witnesses would have been necessary to omit even if they had not failed the sampling basis. The reason for this is best explained by looking at data from the famous Patterson-Gimlin Film, wherein weight estimates from data extrapolation have yield ranges typically between 300 and 1000 pounds, with extremes approaching 2000 pounds. Such wide ranges are evidence for a weak area of evaluation and as such are reminiscent of a side show carnival's Guess Your Weight booth.
Is there a Geographic Trend?
When plotted by increasing latitude, based off of each states capital for reference, there is no indication of increased height. Following the ecological principle, Bergmann's Rule, which states generally that as a species increase in latitudinal range an increase in body mass is observed, coupled with elevation and temperature influences, it is theoretically plausible that an increase in stature would be noted. George Gill in his study Population Clines of the North American Sasquatch as Evidenced by Track Lengths and Estimates Statures, dealt with this principle and others (see Appendix B. Latitudinal direction doesn't take into account is the elevation of an area, this elevation has been noted in other mammalian species to show an increase in body size. Regardless, the principle of Bergmann's Rule is a debatable topic in ecological thought even now after over 150 years of research, as the function that applies in some cases and not others is still far from understood.
From the data of the height estimates, and the progressive analysis of patterns in relation to geography, there is a tentative trend. As the elevation increases the height increase, as the longitude increase the height increases. Usage of the mean elevation is essential as plotting data against the highest or lowest elevation point within a given state will lead to skewed data.
What is shown is a tentative tie to the idea of Bergmann's Rule in that a species tends to increase in size with an elevation increase. Additional study of temperature and precipitation as well as other influences is required to correlate whether the two trends are connected or isolated instances or a fault of the data set utilized
Study comparisons in the future of variations in height as compared to longitude, latitude and mean elevation on a continental level , by generic region, would be beneficial to test this tentative trend.
Is There a Coloration Trend?
11 total color variations were found in the 367 reports. The combination of light and dark reports is required to get a better picture. This means that under the heading of DARK, the coloration of Brown, Black, Brown/Black, Dark, Reddish, and Reddish/Brown would be lumped. Under the heading of LIGHT, the coloration of White, Gray, Tan, Silver and Light would be lumped. Overall then DARK reports are substantially higher (81.23%) than LIGHT reports.
To represent the distribution of coloration it is not feasible to do so by the number of reports per state as this would show a large bias to states with more sightings. A single variable of light to dark is needed to fairly distribute the values within a state. The variable then is LIGHT divided by all color reports within a given state. The total variable for the 367 reports works out to .158 or 15.8% of sightings.
As some states do not have a value for the coloration variable, plotting all the information would cause skewed values. It is then necessary to omit states that lack a coloration variable. The data shows a miniscule increase trend of LIGHT coloration as the latitude increases, but a trend to the opposite as the longitude and elevation increase. This trend is opposite of what was seen in the height analysis by latitude, longitude and elevation. Consequently a scatter plat of the coloration variable against the height demonstrates that as the LIGHT variable increases the height decreases. If the inverse of the coloration variable is examined (i.e. 1 - Coloration Variable = Inverse Variable), no trend at all is present. This means that LIGHT coloration does exhibit a trend but the inverse, or DARK coloration, remains constant across all states.
This inverse connection demonstrates that there is little if any significant variation in coloration in the bulk of the states and what variation is seen would be a factor of individual variables of the Sasquatch itself and not a factor of the environment.
Extended survey into more humid and moist regions of the United States would be beneficial to determine if a trend is there in those regions.
Migration?
After looking at various data characteristics of height variation and coloration, it becomes necessary to evaluate whether Sasquatch in the east exhibit any form of migratory pattern as well as plausible range areas within their territories. If a population migrated it would be from either a latitudinal pattern or an elevation pattern.
Of the 654 reports looked at 549 (83.94%) of them have a specific month attributed to the report. This is a large amount of data to work with, if it is broken down in four approximate seasons, Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter the data is more manageable. These are approximate seasonal breakdowns only, as there is no set monthly start to a season of the year, rather they rely on astronomical factors of solstices and equinoxes which change slightly over time. Spring is defined as the months of April through June, Summer is defined as the months of July through September, Fall (Autumn) is defined as the months of October through December and Winter is defined as the months of January through March.
As some states have a larger number of sightings a bias for these states is created. To lessen this bias a variable is required. This variable, the seasonal percentile, is defined as the value of the number of sightings in a season divided by the total number of reports for a given state. Once this is done, then a latitudinal, longitudinal and mean elevation examination can be performed.
As the latitude increases an increased number of sightings occur in the spring, a leveling off in the summer, decrease in the fall and then an increase again in the winter. When the same data is plotted against a longitudinal direction, the opposite is seen. In the spring there is a decline, summer levels off, the fall shows an increase and the winter a decrease. When the data is plotted against mean elevation for the state there is no significant variation across the states during any of the seasons.
At this point the data supports that no significant large scale migration exists and that the Sasquatch remain essentially within their same theoretical home territory. If the data did support migration, it would be expected that the number of reports would be fewer in number in the northern latitudes during the winter months, and larger in number during those months in southern latitudes, or that plotted elevation changes would demonstrate an increase in reports in the warmer months within higher elevation areas and a decrease in reports during the cooler months from those same areas. None of these scenarios are demonstrated.
Summation:
1) Data comparison to western North America shows little variation indicating comparable height and other physical measurable characteristics.
2) There is a height increase in those states with higher mean elevations and those states with an increase longitude.
3) Light coloration marginal increases as the latitude increases and at the same time the height stature of reported Sasquatch decreases. By inverse the dark coloration remains stable across all states, indicating that any coloration variation is a factor of individual characteristic and not a factor of ecology.
4) No elevation or latitudinal migration exists.
Additional information regarding climatic conditions and individual state geographic variations may lead in the future to a more fine tuned analysis when coupled with extended sightings data from these areas. Physical characteristics as well have not been looked at, aside from coloration, extended analysis of behavioral and other physical traits would be an interesting and extensive undertaking and would be interesting to compare to correlations done by researchers across the country. Comparison for data variations in broader ranges is necessary to establish if any potential trend found is a true pattern and not a factor of sampling or of such miniscule proportions as to be variable over time.
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A Comparative Analysis of Allometry for Sexual Size Dimorphism: Assessing Rensch's Rule, American Naturalist, Volume 149, Issue 3, March 1997
Altman, Eric
The Pennsylvania Bigfoot Society, CRYPTO Hominology Special Number I, CRYPTO, Francestown, 2001
Personal Correspondence 2000-2001
Editor, The Keystone Sasquatch Report Newsletter, Number 8-Present (2000-Present)
Talk at 13th Annual Bigfoot Conference, Newcomerstown, Ohio, April 2001
Anderson, Steve (Editor)
The Keystone Sasquatch Report Newsletter, Number 1 - Number 7 (1999-2000)
Ashton, Kyle, Tracy, Mark and Queiroz, Alan de
Is Bergmann's Rule Valid for Mammals?, American Naturalist, Volume 156, Number 4, October 2000
Bartholomew, Paul and Robert, Brann, William and Hallenbeck, Bruce
Monsters of the Northwoods 3rd Printing, North Country Books, Utica, 1992
Bartholomew, Paul
Personal Correspondence 1998
Bayanov, Dmitri
America's Bigfoot: Fact, Not Fiction, Crypto Logos, Moscow, 1997
Beelart, Joseph Hector
Field Application of the Standard Sasquatch Area Theory, CRYPTO Hominology Special Number I, CRYPTO, Francestown, 2001
Personal Correspondence 2000-2001
Bender, Louis and Spencer, Rocky
Estimating Elk Population Size by Reconstruction from Harvest Data and Herd Ratios, Wildlife Society Bulletin, Volume 27, Number 3, 1999
Berry, Rick
Bigfoot on the East Coast, Self-Published, Stuarts Draft, 1993
Bigfoot Co-Op Newsletter, Volume 17-Present, 1997-Present
Bindernagel, John A.
North America's Great Ape: the Sasquatch, Beachcomber Books, Courtenay, 1998
Sasquatches in Our Woods, Beautiful British Columbia, Vol. 42, No. 2, Summer 2000
Personal Correspondence 2000-2001
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Cantagalli, Renzo
Sasquatch Enigma Antropologico, ATE, Barcelonia, 1979
Coleman, Loren
Windigo: Being Some Remarks on the Native Encounters with and Traditions of the Many-Monikered Hairy Hominid of Eastern North America, Also Known as the Marked Hominid and Eastern Bigfoot, CRYPTO Hominology Special Number I, CRYPTO, Francestown, 2001
Mysterious America the Revised Edition, ParaView Press, New York, 2001
Talk at 13th Annual Bigfoot Conference, Newcomerstown, Ohio, April 2001
Personal Correspondence 1998-2001
Coleman, Loren and Huyghe, Patrick
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Crowe, Ray
(Editor) The Track Record, Number 1 to Present, 1991 to Present
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Drier, Mary
'Bigfoot' Returns Area Men Maintain, Times (Bay City, MI), March 24, 1992
Bigfoot Believer Out Shaking the Bushes, News (Saginaw, MI), April 6, 1992
Fahrenbach, Wolf H.
Sasquatch: Size, Scaling, and Statistics, Cryptozoology Volume 13, 1997-1998
French, Scott
The Man Who Spied Bigfoot Comes Forward, Concord Monitor, November 13, 1987
Furry, WH, Purcell, EM and Street, JC
Physics for Science and Engineering Students, Blakiston Company, New York, 1952
Gill, George W.
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Green, Bill (Editor)
Bigfoot Record Newsletter, Issue 1 through 19, Bristol, Connecticut
Green, John
Sasquatch The Apes Among Us, Hancock House, Seattle, 1978
Year of the Sasquatch 2nd Edition, Cheam Publishing, Agassiz, 1970
Hall, Mark
The Yeti, Bigfoot & True Giants, MAHP, Minneapolis, 1997
Living Fossils: The Survival of Home gardarensis, Neandertal Man, and Homo erectus, MAHP, Minneapolis, 1999
Harte, John, Blackburn, Tim and Ostling, Annette
Self-Similarity and the Relationship Between Abundance and Range Size, American Naturalist, Volume 157, Number 4, April 2001
Heinselman, Craig
Field Notes, 1995-2001
Hominology File's Unpublished Regional
A Propos de l'Article "Dissimulation?", Hominologie & Cryptozoologies, Number 5, Automne 2000
Hendry, Andrew, Day, Troy and Cooper, Andrew
Optimal Size and Number of Propagules: Allowance for Discrete Stages and Effects of Maternal Size on Reproductive Output and Offspring Fitness, American Naturalist, Volume 157, Number 4, April 2001
Hickman, Cleveland
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Hunter, Don and Dahinden, Rene
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The Sasquatch Triangle Revisited, Self Published, Newcomerstown, 2001
Talk at 13th Annual Bigfoot Conference, Newcomerstown, Ohio, April 2001
Editor, The Monthly Bigfoot Report Newsletter, Numbers 68-Current, 1997-Present
Personal Correspondence 1998-2001
Kelt, Douglas and Van Vuren, Dirk
The Ecology and Macroecology of Mammalian Home Range Area, American Naturalist, Volume 157, Number 6, June 2001
Kolz, A. Lawrence and Johnson, Richard E.
Coulometric Recorder for Timing and Counting Events in the Field, Journal of Wildlife Management, Volume 40, Number 2, 1976
Krantz, Dr. Grover
Bigfoot Sasquatch Evidence, Hancock House, Blaine, 1999
Loughran, Edward
Notes on the Physical Characteristics of Bigfoot, Info Journal, No. 31, Sept-Oct 1978
Lovegrove, Barry
The Zoogeography of Mammalian Basal Metabolic Rate, American Naturalist, Volume 156, Number 2, August 2000
Mangiacopra, Gary and Smith, Dr. Dwight
Bigfoot Encouters in Connecticut: Relic Wildmen in the Nutmeg State from 1870-1989, CRYPTO Hominology Special Number I, CRYPTO, Francestown, 2001
Mangiacopra, Gary
Personal Correspondence 1999-2001
McNab, Brian
Bioenergetics and the Determination of Home Range Size, American Naturalist, Volume 97, Issue 894, May-June 1963
Menge, Bruce and Sutherland, John
Community Regulation: Variation in Disturbance, Competition and Predation in Relation to Environmental Stress and Recruitment, American Naturalist, Volume 130, Number 5, November 1987
Migliore, Mary
'Bigfoot' Eludes Team on Overnight Campout, Morning Union (MA), Dec. 31, 1976
Miller, Jim
Two Knox County Men Follow Trail of Big Mysterious Creature, Sun Commercial (IN), October 31, 1982
Minkoff, Eli
Evolutionary Biology, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, 1983
Mitani, J.C., Gros-Louis, J., and Richards, A.F.
Sexual Dimorphism, the Operational Sex Ratio, and the Intensity of Male Competition in Polygynous Primates, American Naturalist, Volume 147, Issue 6, June 1996
Murphy, Christoper, Cook, Joedy and Clappison George
Bigfoot in Ohio, Encounters with the Grassman, Pyramid Publications, New Westminster, 1997
Napier, John
Bigfoot, Berkley, New York, 1974
The Natural History of the Primates, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1997 (5th printing)
Opsasnick, Mark
The Bigfoot Digest: A Survey of Maryland Sightings, Self-Published, Rockville, 1993
Maryland Bigfoot Digital Digest, Arment Biological Press, Landisville, 2000
A Chronological Listing of Creature Sightings in the State of Maryland, INFO Journal, Volume XI, Number 3, February 1987
Perez, Daniel
(Editor) Bigfoot Times Newsletter, 1998-Present
Perlmutter, Ellen
'Bigfoot" Has Small Town Following in His Footsteps, Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, PA), February 3, 1994
Peters, Robert Henry and Raelson, John Verner
Relations Between Individual Size and Mammalian Population Density, American Naturalist, Volume 124, Number 4, October 1984
Pilichis, Dennis
Night Siege The Northern Ohio UFO-Creature Invasion, Self Published, Rome, 1982
(Pilichis, ED), Bigfoot: Tales of Unexplained Creatures, Page Research, Rome, 1978
Place, Marian
Bigfoot All Over the Country, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, 1978
Polya, G.
Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning Volume II Patterns of Plausible Inference, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1968
Powell, Larkin, Conroy, Michael, Hines, James, Nichols, James and Krementz, David
Simultaneous Use of Mark-Recapture and Radioteleletry to Estimate Survival, Movement and Capture Rates, Journal of Wildlife Management, Voluem 64, Number 1
Pyle, Robert Michael
Where Bigfoot Walks, Houghton Mifflin Compnay, New York, 1995
Quang, Pham and Becker, Earl
Combining Line Transect and Double Count Sampling Techniques for Aerial Surveys, Journal of Agricultural, Biological and Environmental Statistics, Volume 2, Number 2, June 1997
Quast, Mike
The Sasquatch in Minnesota, Revised Edition, Self Published, Moorhead, 1996
Ralls, Katherine
Sexual Dimorphism in Mammals: Avian Models and Unanswered Questions, American Naturalist, Volume 111, Issue 981, September-October 1977
Reis, M.J.
Sexual Dimorphism in Body SizeL Are Larger Species More Dimorphic?, Journal of Theoretical Biology, Issue 121, 1986
Rife, Philip L.
Bigfoot Across America, Writer's Club Press (iUniverse.com), Lincoln, 2000
Roche, Jean
Sauvages Et Velus, Editions Exergue, Chambery, 2000
Dissimulation?, Hominologie & Cryptozoologie, Number 4, Ete 2000
Roff, Derek
On Being the Right Size, American Naturalist, Volume 118, Issue 3, September 1981
Runyon, Richard and Haber, Audrey
Fundamentals of Behavioral Statistics 5th Edition, Random House, New York, 1984
Sanderson, Ivan T.
Abominable Snowmen: Legend Come to Life, Chilton Company, Philadelphia, 1961
Seaman, D. Erran, Griffith, Brad and Powell, Roger,
KERNELHR: A Program for Estimating Animal Home Ranges, Wildlife Society Bulletin, Volume 26, Number 1, 1998
Schaffner, Ron
Retrospective: Preble County, Ohio Incident - A Report of an Alleged Unknown Bipedal Animal and Its Sociological Implications, CRYPTO Hominology Special Number I, CRYPTO, Francestown, 2001
Personal Correspondence 1999-2001
Short, Bobbie
Personal Correspondence 1999-2001
Slate, Ann and Berry, Alan
Bigfoot, Bantam, New York, 1976
Southwood, T.R.E., May, R.M., Hassell. M.P. and Conway, G.R.
Ecological Strategies and Population Parameters, American Naturalist, Volume 108, Issue 964, November-December 1974
Sprague, Roderick and Krantz, Grover S. (Editors)
The Scientist Looks at the Sasquatch, Anthropological Monographs of the University of Idaho No.3, The University Press of Idaho, Moscow (Idaho), 1977
Steenburg, Thomas
Sasquatch Bigfoot The Continuing Mystery (Revised), Hancock House, Blaine, 1993
In Search of Giants, Hancock House, Blaine, 2000
Strickberger, Monroe
Genetics 2nd Edition, Macmillan Publishing, New York, 1976
Swogger, Judi
Mystery Left Imprint on Man's Beliefs, Herald (Sharan, PA), April 5, 1992
Tracy, C.R.
Minimum Size of Mammalian Homeotherms: Role of the Thermal Environment, Science, Number 198, 1977
Tsuji, Kazuki and Kasuya, Eiiti
What Do the Indices of Reproductive Skew Measure?, American Naturalist, Volume 158, Number 2, August 2001
Wasson, Barbara
Sasquatch Apparitions, Self Published, Bend, 1979
Watt, Ward
Bioenergetics and Evolutionary Genetics: Opportunities for New Synthesis, American Naturalist, Volume 125, Issue 1, January 1985
Welkowitz, Joan, Ewen, Robert and Cohen, Jacob
Introductory Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, Academic Press, New York, 1971